Sunglasses provide protection to the eyes, overexposure of eyes to sunlight, protection of eyes when carrying out DIY, influence of diet on vision.

At this time of year many people are preparing to embark on their summer holidays. For those going to exotic places, vaccinations will have been endured and, even for those staying in this country, a medical first aid kit will usually be included in the luggage comprising of some plasters, insect repellent, soothing lotions, pain killers etc. Most of us, however, do not spend a great deal of time contemplating on the health of our eyes whilst away and yet the ability to see and have pain free sight is essential to our wellbeing.

The first issue to explore is the use of sunglasses. These are often regarded as a fashion accessory and can often be spotted perched on the top of the head, pushing back the flowing locks of film stars or models. In such circumstances the name of the make of the glasses is all important - the more expensive the better to enhance the glamorous image. They do, however, have a really important function which is to protect eyes from ultraviolet light. Overexposure to this can lead to corneal damage, cataracts and age-related macular degeneration which ultimately cause blindness. Whilst ultraviolet light is present in all daylight the harmful effects are worst on sunny days in spring and summer, in the middle of the day, at high altitudes, near the equator and when in an environment where there is a high degree of reflection e.g. where there is water, white sand, snow, ice etc. Some medication also enhances the effects. Good quality sunglasses protect the eyes from 99 – 100% of ultra violet light. Price or the make of the glasses is not important but they must have the CE mark on them to guarantee their effectiveness. Children and those with light coloured irises are most at risk from damage so are in particular need of sunglasses.

For those not going away, the longer days may inspire them to take up more sport or get on with some DIY at home. Both these activities are associated with injuries to eyes. Tennis, squash, cricket and golf balls can do significant damage if they hit the eyes as can a wild swing of a racquet, bat or club. Awareness and care seem to be the main protection against such injuries. For most DIY work, wearing proper safety goggles is a responsible thing to do – preventing wood splinters, metal filings, brick chips and dust from entering the eye. When welding, specialised face masks must be worn to prevent the painful condition of ‘arc eye’ which can lead to permanent disability.

Diet plays an important part in maintaining good vision. Several studies have shown that vitamins A, C and E and zinc slow down eye diseases such as cataracts and age-related macular degeneration. It is also known that two antioxidants called Lutein and Zeaxanthin help prevent damage to the retina from ultra violet light and the development of cataracts. A good diet with dark green vegetables and fresh fruit such as oranges and grapes contains all the necessary nutrients.

In conclusion, holidays are wonderful times for fun, relaxation, revitalisation etc, but eye care must be remembered. Sunglasses should be an essential part of everyone’s summer kit - whether in St Tropez or Aberdeen. If carrying out DIY, safety goggles should be used even if it is a small job - and sport needs to be undertaken with care. A good diet and regular eye tests (at least once every two years) can assist in sight being an enjoyable sense for many years.